Directions (1-10):
Read the passage carefully and then answer the questions given below.
It is well known
that a child learns to walk, to talk, and to know his way around the
world just by trying something out and seeing what happens, then
modifying what he does (or thinks) in accordance with what has
actually happened. In this way, he spends his first few years in a
wonderfully creative way, discovering all sorts of things that are
new to him and this leads people to look back on childhood as a kind
of lost paradise. As the child grows older, learning takes on a
narrower meaning. He accumulates knowledge to please others. He
learns then for some utilitarian purpose and not mainly for the love
of the action of learning itself. So, his ability to see something
new and original gradually dies away. And without it there is
evidently no ground from which anything can grow.
Evidently then, the
ability to learn something new is based on the general state of mind
of a human being. It do not depend on special talents, nor does it
operate only in special fields. But when it does operate, there is an
undivided and total interest in what one is doing. Only this kind of
whole-hearted interest will give the mind the energy needed to see
what is new and different, especially when the later seems to
threaten what is familiar, precious, secure, or otherwise dear to us.
It is clear that all the great scientists and artists had such a
feeling for their work. But no matter what his occupation may be,
anyone can, in principle, approach life in this way. Here I am
reminded of Anne Sullivan, who was the teacher of Helen Keller. When
she came to teach this child, who was blind and deaf from an early
age, she met a 'wild animal'. She worked with the child as best as
she could. with all the energies at her disposal, remaining extremely
sensitively observant, feeling out the unknown mind of the child and
eventual learning how to communicate with her.
The key step here
was to teach the child to form a concept (which she had never
learned, because she had not been able to communicate with other
people to any significant extent). This was done by causing her to
come in contact with water in a wide variety of different forms and
contexts, each time scratching the word 'water' on the palm of her
hand. For a long time, the child did not grasp what it was all about.
But suddenly she realized that all these different experiences
referred to one substance in its many aspects which was symbolized by
the
word 'water'
scratched in her palm. This initiated a fantastic revolution in the
whole of her mind, the depth and scope of which we find hard to
appreciate without having experienced directly what it means to live
without conceptual abstraction.
Q1. According to the
author's arguments, which of the following statement sheds light on
why a child is in a more creative state of mind?
(a) A child doesn't
understand its own self-interest.
(b) A child does not
want security or familiarity.
(c) Knowledge
acquisition for the child is not a mere accumulative process.
(d) As he fails to
see something new and original gradually.
(e) None of the
above
S1. Ans.
(c)
Sol. According to fourth and fifth sentence of the paragraph
“In this way, he spends his first few years in a wonderfully
creative way, discovering all sorts of things that are new to him and
this leads people to look back on childhood as a kind of lost
paradise”. With this sentence it can be inferred that Knowledge
acquisition for the child is not a mere accumulative process.
Therefore, option (c) is the correct choice.
Q2. The experience
of Helen described above can best be summarized by
(a) Fun
(b) Joy
(c) Excitement
(d) Revelation
(e) Adventurous
S2. Ans.
(d)
Sol. Refer to the last sentence of the paragraph, “This
initiated a fantastic revolution in the whole of her mind, the depth
and scope of which we find hard to appreciate without having
experienced directly what it means to live without conceptual
abstraction.” Thus, option (d) becomes the, most suitable choice.
Q3. Which of the
following is NOT a necessary step in the formation of 'concept' as
described above?
(a) Reconciliation
of information derived from at least two different perceptual media
(b) Deciphering the
multiple information content in a signal
(c) Searching for
similarities across differences
(d) Developing
curiosity in mind, the depth and scope of which we find hard to
appreciate.
(e) none of the
above
S3. Ans.
(b)
Sol. Refer to the last paragraph. Option (a) is mentioned in
the statement “water in a wide variety in different forms” and
option (c) is mentioned in the statement “different experiences
referred to one substance.” For option (d) refer to the last
sentence, “This initiated a fantastic revolution in the whole of
her mind, the depth and scope of which we find hard to appreciate”.
Therefore, as only option (b) is not a necessary step to develop a
concept, it becomes the correct answer choice.
Q4. Which of the
following does NOT necessarily follow from the above passage?
(a) Utilitarian
learning cannot lead to creative discoveries.
(b) Abstractions are
the bedrock on which inter-subjective human communication rests.
(c) Creativity is
not the preserve of a few select professions.
(d) Creative
engagements are most often subversive.
(e) None of the
above
S4. Ans.
(d)
Sol. Option (d) is the correct choice. Refer to the second
sentence of the first paragraph “In this way, he spends his first
few years in a wonderfully creative way, discovering all sorts of
things that are new to him and this leads people to look back on
childhood as a kind of lost paradise.” Creative engagements are not
subversive however, it transcends the notion of security.
Q5. From the
following sentences choose the option that reflects the grammatically
and contextually correct sentence/s.
[I] It do not depend
on special talents, nor does it operate only in special fields.
[II] He accumulates
knowledge to please others.
[III] So, his
ability to see something new and original gradually dies away.
(a) Only [I]
(b) Only [II]
(c) Only [III]
(d) Both [II] and
[III]
(e) All are correct
S5. Ans.
(d)
Sol. Statement [I] consists error in it. To make the
sentence error free replace “do” with “does”. As, being the
subject singular it will require the verb in its singular form.
However, Both the other statements [II] and [III] are grammatically
correct. Therefore, option (d) becomes the correct choice.
(Directions 76-78):
Choose the word which is most similar with the meaning of the given
word.
Q6. ACCUMULATES
(a) scatter
(b) diverge
(c) derange
(d) litter
(e) acquire
S6. Ans.
(e)
Sol. Accumulates means gather together or acquire an
increasing number or quantity of which is similar in meaning with
‘acquire’. Hence option (e) is the correct choice.
Scatter
means throw in various random directions.
Diverge means (of a
road, route, or line) separate from another route and go in a
different direction
Derange means make (someone) insane.
Litter
means rubbish such as paper, cans, and bottles left lying in an open
or public place.
Q7. EVIDENTLY
(a) improbably
(b) obscurely
(c) vaguely
(d) doubtless
(e) impalpably
S7. Ans.
(d)
Sol. Evidently means in a way that is clearly seen or
understood; obviously. Doubtless means certainly; without doubt.
Hence, they both are similar in meaning.
Improbably means in an
unexpected or unlikely manner.
Obscurely means not discovered or
known about; uncertain.
Vaguely means in a way that is
uncertain, indefinite or unclear; roughly.
Impalpably means
unable to be felt by touch.
Q8. OBSERVANT
(a) alert
(b) heedless
(c) oblivious
(d) bemused
(e) unwary
S8. Ans.
(a)
Sol. Observant means quick to notice or perceive things,
while; alert means quick to notice any unusual and potentially
dangerous or difficult circumstances; vigilant. Therefore, both are
similar in meaning.
Heedless means showing a reckless lack of
care or attention.
Oblivious means not aware of or concerned
about what is happening around one.
Bemused means puzzle,
confuse, or bewilder.
Unwary means not cautious of possible
dangers or problems.
(Directions 79-80):
Choose the word that is most opposite in meaning with the given word
in bold.
Q9. PARADISE
(a) wonderland
(b) utopia
(c) abyss
(d) heaven
(e) Bliss
S9. Ans.
(c)
Sol. Paradise means an ideal or idyllic place or state.
Abyss means a deep or seemingly bottomless chasm. Hence, they both
are opposite in meaning.
Utopia means an imagined place or state
of things in which everything is perfect.
Bliss means perfect
happiness; great joy.
Q10. UTILITARIAN
(a) practical
(b) Quixotic
(c) functional
(d) realistic
(e) pragmatic
S10. Ans.
(b)
Sol. Utilitarian means designed to be useful or practical
rather than attractive. Quixotic means extremely idealistic;
unrealistic and impractical. Hence, they both are opposite in
meaning.
Functional means of or having a special activity,
purpose, or task.
Pragmatic means dealing with things sensibly
and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than
theoretical considerations.
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